NOT gate in acis-transphotoisomerization model

Update to the ACIS Contamination Model

ACIS observations of astronomical sources as well as its own external calibration source (ECS) have shown that molecular contamination has been building up on the optical/UV blocking filters since launch. Early LETG/ACIS observations of Ton S180 in Nov. 1999 and 3C 273 in Jan. 2000 showed that there was a slight reduction in the low energy ACIS QE1. A nearsimultaneous LETG/HRC-S observation of ...

ACIS Absolute QE the

Composition of the Chandra ACIS contaminant

The Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory is suffering a gradual loss of low energy sensitivity due to a buildup of a contaminant. High resolution spectra of bright astrophysical sources using the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) have been analyzed in order to determine the nature of the contaminant by measuring the absorption edge...

Optimal Manipulations with Qubits: Universal NOT Gate

Classical information consists of bits, each of which can be either 0 or 1. Quantum information, on the other hand, consists of qubits which are two-level quantum systems with one level labeled |0〉 and the other |1〉. Qubits can not only be in one of the two levels, but in any superposition of them as well. This fact makes the properties of quantum information quite different from those of its c...

Comparison of Different Model Predictions on RBE in the Proton Therapy Technique Using the GATE Code

Recently, proton therapy is used as one of the effective methods for treating various types of cancer in clinical treatment. An appropriate formalism to obtain relative biological effectiveness values for treatment planning studies is needed in this hadrontherapy technique. Hereby, the quantity of biological dose, instead of using the physical doses, is introduced to evaluate the biological eff...